吉茲語(英語:Geʽez,/ˈɡiːɛz/)或格厄茲語(吉茲語:ግዕዝ,Gəʿəz,ɡɨʕɨz),又稱古典衣索比亞語,是一種古代的語言,現在只作宗教用途。這種語言在東非洲的非洲之角、衣索比亞高原之上發展。
語音學
母音
| 前 | 央 | 後 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 閉 | /i/ i | /ɨ/ ə | /u/ u |
| 中 | /e/ e | /o/ o | |
| 次開 | /æ ~ ɐ/a | ||
| 開 | /a ~ ɑ/ā | ||
- /æ/ in the Amharic liturgical pronunciation,or /ɐ/(as in Tigrinya).
- According to Lambdin.
- ä [æ] < Proto-Semitic *a
- u [u:] < Proto-Semitic *ū
- i [i:] < Proto-Semitic *ī
- a [a:] < Proto-Semitic *ā
- e [e:] < Proto-Semitic *ay
- ə [ɨ] < Proto-Semitic *i, *u
- o [o:] < Proto-Semitic *aw
註釋
- Evans De Lacy O'Leary, 2000 "Comparative grammar of the semitic languages". Routledge. P 23.
- Gene Gragg 1997. "The Semitic Languages". Taylor & Francis. Robert Hetzron Ed. ISBN 978-0-415-05767-7.
- "No longer in popular use, Ge'ez has always remained the language of the Church", [CHA]
- "They read the Bible in Geez" (Leaders and Religion of the Falashas); "after each passage, recited in Geez, the translation is read in Kailina" (Festivals). [PER]. Note the publication date of this source.
- 唐作藩. 中国语言文字学大辞典. 中国大百科全书出版社. 2007: 6. ISBN 9787500076803.
- 簡明大英百科全書. 臺灣中華書局. 1988: 56, 625.
- Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
- Geez. 牛津英語詞典 (第三版). 牛津大學出版社. 2005-09 (英语).
- 洪放. 死海古卷. 揭示二千年前聖經真貌(下). 基督教週報. No. 2487 (香港華人基督教聯會). 2012-04-22 [2020-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-20) (中文(繁體)).
- Gragg 1997a,第177頁: "/ä/ is low central front, higher and more forward than /a/, secondarily perhaps also shorter; approximates IPA [æ]."
- Lambdin 1978,第3頁: "a [æ, ä]"
- Lambdin 1978,第3頁: "ā [a, ɑ]"
延伸閱讀
- 語法
- Aläqa Tayyä, Maṣḥafa sawāsəw. Monkullo: Swedish Mission 1896/7 (=1889 according to the Ethiopian calendar).
- Dillmann, August; Bezold, Carl, Ethiopic Grammar, 2nd edition translated from German by James Crichton, London 1907. ISBN 978-1-59244-145-7 (2003 reprint). (Published in German: ¹1857, ²1899).
- Kidanä Wäld Kəfle, Maṣḥafa sawāsəw wagəss wamazgaba ḳālāt ḥaddis ("A new grammar and dictionary"), Dire Dawa: Artistik Matämiya Bet 1955/6 (=1948 according to the Ethiopian calendar).
- Lambdin, Thomas O., Introduction to Classical Ethiopic, Harvard Semitic Studies 24, Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press 1978. ISBN 978-0-89130-263-6.
- Stefan Weninger, Ge'ez grammar, Munich, ISBN 978-3-929075-04-5 (1st edition), ISBN 978-3-89586-604-3 (2nd revised edition).
- Gene Gragg Ge`ez Phonology, in: Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Vol 1), ed. A. S. Kaye & P. T. Daniels, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Indiana (1997).
- 文學
- Taddesse Adera, Ali Jimale Ahmed (eds.), Silence Is Not Golden: A Critical Anthology of Ethiopian Literature, Red Sea Press (1995), ISBN 978-0-932415-47-9.
- Jon Bonk, Annotated and Classified Bibliography of English Literature Pertaining to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Atla Bibliography Series, Scarecrow Pr (1984), ISBN 978-0-8108-1710-4.
- 詞典
- Dillmann, August, Lexicon linguæ Æthiopicæ cum indice Latino, Lipsiae 1865.
- Leslau, Wolf, Comparative Dictionary of Geez (Classical Ethiopic): Geez-English, English-Geez, with an Index of the Semitic Roots, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1987. ISBN 978-3-447-02592-8.
- idem, Concise Dictionary of Ge`ez (Classical Ethiopic), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1989. ISBN 978-3-447-02873-8.
- Ludolf, Hiob, Lexicon Aethiopico-Latinum, Ed. by J. M. Wansleben, London 1661.
- Wemmers, J., Lexicon Aethiopicum, Rome 1638.
參閲
- 吉茲語盲文
- 吉茲字母
- 阿克苏姆帝国
- 衣索比亞曆
- 衣索比亞聖歌(Zema/Ethiopian liturgical chant)
- 厄利垂亞語言
- 厄利垂亞文學
- 塞格拉的吉約吉斯(Giyorgis of Gesecha/Abba Giyorgis)
- 科普特音樂
外部連結
- A blog on Classical Ethiopic (Ge'ez)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- J. M.Harden, An Introduction to Ethiopic Christian Literature (1926)
- Unicode Chart(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Senamirmir Projects: Free Ethiopic Font (Win32, MacOS, Linux) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- The Bible in Ge'ez (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Researcher identifies second-oldest Ethiopian manuscript in existence in HMML’s archives (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Walta Information Center (10 December 2010)
- LIBRARY OF ETHIOPIAN TEXTS
- Äthiopische Texte
- Ethiopic Character Entry (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Dr. Aberra Molla ዶ/ር ኣበራ ሞላ
- Collection of Ge'ez proverbs
- Collection of Ge'ez qine
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