煙草屬

煙草屬（學名：Nicotiana，依学名译作尼科属），又名炮仔草屬，是茄科一年生草本植物。烟草属大约有60多种，但真正用于制造卷菸和烟丝的，基本只有菸草（Nicotiana tabacum），此外还有少部分用黄花菸草（Nicotiana rustica），其他品种很少用，所以日常生活提及的煙草，多數指這兩個物種。

煙草屬

科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊类植物 Asterids
目：	茄目 Solanales
科：	茄科 Solanaceae
亚科：	烟草亚科 Nicotianoideae
族：	烟草族 Nicotianeae
属：	煙草屬 Nicotiana L., 1753
種
見內文

词源

烟草属的属名Nicotiana（尼古丁一词即源于此属）是为了纪念法国驻葡萄牙大使让·尼科（英语：Jean Nicot）（Jean Nicot）而命名的，他在1559年将样品作为药物送往凯瑟琳·德·美第奇的宫廷。

物種

本属包括以下物种：

无茎烟草 Nicotiana acaulis Speg.
Nicotiana acuminata (Graham) Hook.
Nicotiana africana Merxm.
花烟草 Nicotiana alata Link & Otto
Nicotiana ameghinoi Speg.
Nicotiana amplexicaulis N. T. Burb.
Nicotiana arentsii Goodsp.
Nicotiana attenuata Torrey ex S. Watson
Nicotiana azambujae L. B. Smith & Downs
Nicotiana benavidesii Goodsp.
Nicotiana benthamiana Domin
Nicotiana bonariensis Lehm.
Nicotiana burbidgeae Symon
Nicotiana cavicola N. T. Burb.
Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray
Nicotiana cordifolia Phil.
Nicotiana corymbosa J. Rémy
Nicotiana cutleri D'Arcy
Nicotiana debneyi Domin
Nicotiana excelsior (J. M. Black) J. M. Black
Nicotiana exigua H.-M. Wheeler
Nicotiana forgetiana Hemsl.
Nicotiana fragrans Hooker
Nicotiana gandarela Augsten & Stehmann
光烟草 Nicotiana glauca Graham
Nicotiana glutinosa L.
Nicotiana goodspeedii H.-M. Wheeler
Nicotiana gossei Domin
Nicotiana hesperis N. T. Burb.
Nicotiana heterantha Kenneally & Symon
Nicotiana ingulba J. M. Black
Nicotiana insecticida M.W.Chase & Christenh.
Nicotiana kawakamii Y. Ohashi
Nicotiana knightiana Goodsp.
Nicotiana langsdorffii Weinm.
Nicotiana linearis Phil.
Nicotiana longibracteata Phil.
长花烟草 Nicotiana longiflora Cav.
Nicotiana maritima H.-M. Wheeler
Nicotiana megalosiphon Van Huerck & Müll. Arg.
Nicotiana miersii J. Rémy
Nicotiana mutabilis Stehmann & Samir
Nicotiana nesophila I. M. Johnston
Nicotiana noctiflora Hook.
Nicotiana nudicaulis S. Watson
Nicotiana occidentalis H.-M. Wheeler
Nicotiana obtusifolia M. Martens & Galeotti
Nicotiana otophora Griseb.
Nicotiana paa Mart. Crov.
Nicotiana palmeri A. Gray
Nicotiana paniculata L.
Nicotiana pauciflora J. Rémy
Nicotiana petuniodes (Griseb.) Millán.
皱叶烟草 Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv.
Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh
Nicotiana raimondii J. F. Macbr.
白花烟 Nicotiana repanda Willd.
Nicotiana rosulata (S. Moore) Domin
Nicotiana rotundifolia Lindl.
黄花烟草 Nicotiana rustica L.
Nicotiana setchellii Goodsp.
Nicotiana simulans N. T. Burb.
Nicotiana solanifolia Walp.
Nicotiana spegazzinii Millán
Nicotiana stenocarpa H.-M. Wheeler
Nicotiana stocktonii Brandegee
Nicotiana suaveolens Lehm.
林烟草 Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. & Comes
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum L.
Nicotiana thrysiflora Bitter ex Goodsp.
Nicotiana tomentosa Ruiz & Pav.
Nicotiana tomentosiformis Goodsp.
Nicotiana truncata D. E. Symon
Nicotiana umbratica N. T. Burb.
Nicotiana undulata Ruiz & Pav.
Nicotiana velutina H.-M. Wheeler
Nicotiana wigandioides Koch & Fintelm.
Nicotiana wuttkei Clarkson & Symon

雜交種

Nicotiana × didepta N. debneyi × N. tabacum
Nicotiana × digluta N. glutinosa × N. tabacum
皱叶烟草 Nicotiana × sanderae Hort. ex Wats. N. alata × N. forgetiana

以前屬於這個屬

Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton et al. (现为N. axillaris Lam.)

資料來源

长花烟草 Nicotiana longiflora Cav.. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心. [2013-01-24] （中文（台湾））.
Austin, Gregory. Chronology of Psychoactive Substance Use. Teachers College Columbia University. [2014-02-08]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-09）.
Nicotiana L.. GBIF. [2022-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-05）.
Knapp et al. (2004) Nomenclatural changes and a new sectional classification in Nicotiana (Solanaceae) Taxon. 53(1):73-82.
Mariana Augsten, Pablo Burkowski Meyer, Loreta B. Freitas, João A. N. Batista and João Renato Stehmann. 2022. Nicotiana gandarela (Solanaceae), A New Species of ‘Tobacco’ highly Endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. PhytoKeys. 190: 113-129. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.190.76111
Mark W. Chase and Maarten J. M. Christenhusz. 2021. 994. NICOTIANA INSECTICIDA: Solanaceae. Curtis's Botanical Magazine. DOI: 10.1111/curt.12402
Ann Bot (2003) 92 (1): 107-127. doi:10.1093/aob/mcg087
Clausen, R.E. (1928) Interspecific hybridization in Nicotiana. VII. The cytology of hybrids of the synthetic species, digluta, with its parents, glutinosa and tabacum. Univ. Cal. Pub. Botany. 11(10):177-211.
GRIN Species Records of Nicotiana. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.

[1] 长花烟草 Nicotiana longiflora Cav.. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心. [2013-01-24] （中文（台湾））.

[2] Austin, Gregory. Chronology of Psychoactive Substance Use. Teachers College Columbia University. [2014-02-08]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-09）.

[3] Nicotiana L.. GBIF. [2022-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-05）.

[knapp2004-4] Knapp et al. (2004) Nomenclatural changes and a new sectional classification in Nicotiana (Solanaceae) Taxon. 53(1):73-82.

[5] Mariana Augsten, Pablo Burkowski Meyer, Loreta B. Freitas, João A. N. Batista and João Renato Stehmann. 2022. Nicotiana gandarela (Solanaceae), A New Species of ‘Tobacco’ highly Endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. PhytoKeys. 190: 113-129. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.190.76111

[6] Mark W. Chase and Maarten J. M. Christenhusz. 2021. 994. NICOTIANA INSECTICIDA: Solanaceae. Curtis's Botanical Magazine. DOI: 10.1111/curt.12402

[Ann_Bot_2003-7] Ann Bot (2003) 92 (1): 107-127. doi:10.1093/aob/mcg087

[8] Clausen, R.E. (1928) Interspecific hybridization in Nicotiana. VII. The cytology of hybrids of the synthetic species, digluta, with its parents, glutinosa and tabacum. Univ. Cal. Pub. Botany. 11(10):177-211.

[GRINSpecies-9] GRIN Species Records of Nicotiana. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. [2010-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.